January 2006
To do something well you have to like it. That idea is not exactly novel. We've got it down to four words: "Do what you love." But it's not enough just to tell people that. Doing what you love is complicated.
喜欢一件事才能做好它，这可不是什么新想法，用4个字概括：”Do what you love.”（“做你喜欢的事”）。然而，知易行难。
The very idea is foreign to what most of us learn as kids. When I was a kid, it seemed as if work and fun were opposites by definition. Life had two states: some of the time adults were making you do things, and that was called work; the rest of the time you could do what you wanted, and that was called playing. Occasionally the things adults made you do were fun, just as, occasionally, playing wasn't—for example, if you fell and hurt yourself. But except for these few anomalous cases, work was pretty much defined as not-fun.
小时候没有人告诉我们这些。当我还是个孩子的时候，以为工作和娱乐截然不同。生活分成两部分：有时候大人给点活干；剩下的时间就去玩，随心所欲。偶尔，大人让做的事居然挺有趣，而玩也会有不开心的时候，比如摔倒受伤。但这种情况不多见，通常，干活都没啥意思。
既然上学是为了工作，那它肯定也很枯燥。
And it did not seem to be an accident. School, it was implied, was tedious?because?it was preparation for grownup work.
The world then was divided into two groups, grownups and kids. Grownups, like some kind of cursed race, had to work. Kids didn't, but they did have to go to school, which was a dilute version of work meant to prepare us for the real thing. Much as we disliked school, the grownups all agreed that grownup work was worse, and that we had it easy.
生活有工作和娱乐两种状态，相应地，人被分成两种，大人和孩子。大人要辛苦地工作，孩子虽然不用工作，但他们得去学校学做一些简单的事，为将来打基础。就像孩子们不喜欢学校一样，大人们也都不爱工作，这似乎显而易见。
Teachers in particular all seemed to believe implicitly that work was not fun. Which is not surprising: work wasn't fun for most of them. Why did we have to memorize state capitals instead of playing dodgeball? For the same reason they had to watch over a bunch of kids instead of lying on a beach. You couldn't just do what you wanted.
老师尤其相信工作没有乐趣可言，这并不奇怪，因为绝大多数教师没体会过教书的乐趣。就像孩子们不能玩躲球游戏(dodgeball)，非要背各个省的省会一样，老师也不得不看着这些孩子，不能躺在海滩。谁都不能想干什么就干什么。
I'm not saying we should let little kids do whatever they want. They may have to be made to work on certain things. But if we make kids work on dull stuff, it might be wise to tell them that tediousness is not the defining quality of work, and indeed that the reason they have to work on dull stuff now is so they can work on more interesting stuff later.?[1]
这么说并不代表我认为允许孩子自做主张是对的，他们总得学会点什么。但是，如果大人告诉孩子“工作不都是这么枯燥，现在之所以要做些很闷的事，恰恰是为了以后可以选择能带来乐趣的工作”[1]是不是效果更好呢？
Once, when I was about 9 or 10, my father told me I could be whatever I wanted when I grew up, so long as I enjoyed it. I remember that precisely because it seemed so anomalous. It was like being told to use dry water. Whatever I thought he meant, I didn't think he meant work could?literally?be fun—fun like playing. It took me years to grasp that.
在我9岁或者10岁的时候，父亲曾告诉我，只要我喜欢，长大了干什么都行。这话我记得很清楚，因为听起来好像有人告诉我水是干的一样怪异。虽然我不敢肯定父亲想告诉我什么，但肯定不是说工作能像娱乐一样带来乐趣。过了好多年，我才弄明白这一点。
Jobs
工作
By high school, the prospect of an actual job was on the horizon. Adults would sometimes come to speak to us about their work, or we would go to see them at work. It was always understood that they enjoyed what they did. In retrospect I think one may have: the private jet pilot. But I don't think the bank manager really did.
很多人读完高中就开始工作了，所以，大人会在孩子读高中的时候向他们讲些工作上的事，也允许孩子跑去看他们工作的样子。那时我总觉得大人都很喜欢各自的工作，现在回头想想，也许只有私人飞行员才真正喜欢，银行经理肯定不喜欢他的那份工作。
The main reason they all acted as if they enjoyed their work was presumably the upper-middle class convention that you're supposed to. It would not merely be bad for your career to say that you despised your job, but a social faux-pas.
有一种说法，中高层人士都喜欢自己的工作。于是，人们都装模作样喜欢自己的工作，仿佛自己是中高层人士中的一员，否则不仅会影响其职业生涯，而且显得没有教养。
Why is it conventional to pretend to like what you do? The first sentence of this essay explains that. If you have to like something to do it well, then the most successful people will all like what they do. That's where the upper-middle class tradition comes from. Just as houses all over America are full of?chairsthat are, without the owners even knowing it, nth-degree imitations of chairs designed 250 years ago for French kings, conventional attitudes about work are, without the owners even knowing it, nth-degree imitations of the attitudes of people who've done great things.
本文第一句话可以解释为什么人们都要装作喜欢自己的工作。如果一个人只能做好他喜欢的事情，那么，有些人能成功，就是因为喜欢自己的工作。如同在美 国，家家户户都有250年前法国国王用椅的不同程度的仿制品一样（尽管主人可能并不太清楚），人们对工作的态度也是在不同程度上、有意无意地模仿成功人 士。
What a recipe for alienation. By the time they reach an age to think about what they'd like to do, most kids have been thoroughly misled about the idea of loving one's work. School has trained them to regard work as an unpleasant duty. Having a job is said to be even more onerous than schoolwork. And yet all the adults claim to like what they do. You can't blame kids for thinking "I am not like these people; I am not suited to this world."
假装喜欢自己的工作的做法必定把孩子弄得精神错乱，等他们到了开始思考喜欢什么工作的年龄，绝大多数人已经完全被这种“干一行爱一行”的观点所误 导。一方面，学校教导他们工作是一种责任，但毫无乐趣可言，工作甚至比上学还辛苦。另一方面，身边的大人却口口声声说他们喜欢工作。孩子们会想：“我和他 们不一样，我不属于这个世界。”这不是孩子的错。
Actually they've been told three lies: the stuff they've been taught to regard as work in school is not real work; grownup work is not (necessarily) worse than schoolwork; and many of the adults around them are lying when they say they like what they do.
学校和大人们不一致的说法使孩子们错误地认为：学校里学会做的事情并不是真正的工作；工作不比学习更糟；要么那些说喜欢工作的大人都在说谎。然而，三种说法全是错误的。
The most dangerous liars can be the kids' own parents. If you take a boring job to give your family a high standard of living, as so many people do, you risk infecting your kids with the idea that work is boring.?[2]?Maybe it would be better for kids in this one case if parents were not so unselfish. A parent who set an example of loving their work might help their kids more than an expensive house.?[3]
最危险的谎言来自孩子的父母。如果某人选择无聊的工作是为了让全家人生活得好一点――很多人也真的是这么做的――那么他的孩子很可能受其影响，也认为工作挺无聊的[2]。而如果父母能为自己多考虑考虑（选择自己喜欢的工作，尽管以牺牲全家人的生活质量为代价――译者注），教出来的孩子反而会好一些。热爱工作的父母对子女的影响是昂贵的房子无法带来的[3]。
It was not till I was in college that the idea of work finally broke free from the idea of making a living. Then the important question became not how to make money, but what to work on. Ideally these coincided, but some spectacular boundary cases (like Einstein in the patent office) proved they weren't identical.
读大学时，我才明白养家糊口不是工作的唯一目的。选择什么工作要比赚多少钱重要。虽然人们一般认为工作就是为了生存，但也有特别值得一提的故事（比如说爱因斯坦在专利局上班）说明，事实并非总是如此。
The definition of work was now to make some original contribution to the world, and in the process not to starve. But after the habit of so many years my idea of work still included a large component of pain. Work still seemed to require discipline, because only hard problems yielded grand results, and hard problems couldn't literally be fun. Surely one had to force oneself to work on them.
如今，工作的目的是为世界做出贡献，同时也要能够生存。可是这么多年来，我一直无法改变自己的错误想法，认为工作中令人痛苦的事情很多。工作中仍然需要不断钻研，所谓“天将降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心智，劳其筋骨……”。所以，人们不得不强迫自己做这些工作。
If you think something's supposed to hurt, you're less likely to notice if you're doing it wrong. That about sums up my experience of graduate school.
如果认为工作注定是件痛苦的事，当工作中出现错误就觉察不出来。这就是我在研究生院学习期间的思考所得。
Bounds
界限
How much?are you supposed to like what you do? Unless you know that, you don't know when to stop searching. And if, like most people, you underestimate it, you'll tend to stop searching too early. You'll end up doing something chosen for you by your parents, or the desire to make money, or prestige—or sheer inertia.
一个人能够喜欢工作到什么程度呢？如果他不知道这个问题的答案，就不知道该在什么时候停止寻找。另外，如果他像其他人那样，低估了对工作的热爱之情，又会过早地停止寻找。他或者会听从父母的安排，或者去追名逐利，又或者什么也不做。
Here's an upper bound: Do what you love doesn't mean, do what you would like to do most?this second. Even Einstein probably had moments when he wanted to have a cup of coffee, but told himself he ought to finish what he was working on first.
一方面，“做你喜欢做的事”不意味着做此时此刻最想做的事，即便是爱因斯坦也会有想喝咖啡的时候，但他会告诫自己先完成手头的工作。
It used to perplex me when I read about people who liked what they did so much that there was nothing they'd rather do. There didn't seem to be any sort of work I liked?that?much. If I had a choice of (a) spending the next hour working on something or (b) be teleported to Rome and spend the next hour wandering about, was there any sort of work I'd prefer? Honestly, no.
我总是无法理解有些人非常喜欢自己的工作以至于其它的事都不想做，因为我从来没有如此喜欢过一份工作。如果我可以选择(a)花一小时做点什么，或者(b)瞬间转移(teleport)到罗马，然后在那里闲逛一小时。我会更喜欢哪一个呢？说实话，都不喜欢。
But the fact is, almost anyone would rather, at any given moment, float about in the Carribbean, or have sex, or eat some delicious food, than work on hard problems. The rule about doing what you love assumes a certain length of time. It doesn't mean, do what will make you happiest this second, but what will make you happiest over some longer period, like a week or a month.
然而，在某些特定的时刻，几乎每个人都会倾向去Carribbean飘流、做爱、或者享用美食，而不是去解决难题。做自己喜欢的事是有时间范围的。不能是只在某一刻特别想做的事，必须要持续一段较长的时间，比如一个星期或者一个月。
Unproductive pleasures pall eventually. After a while you get tired of lying on the beach. If you want to stay happy, you have to do something.
没有成果的快乐是无法持续的，如果厌倦了躺在沙滩上，而又想保持快乐，就得做点事情出来。
As a lower bound, you have to like your work more than any unproductive pleasure. You have to like what you do enough that the concept of "spare time" seems mistaken. Which is not to say you have to spend all your time working. You can only work so much before you get tired and start to screw up. Then you want to do something else—even something mindless. But you don't regard this time as the prize and the time you spend working as the pain you endure to earn it.
另一方面，必须得喜欢工作多一点，喜欢享受少一点，要有不做点事就闲得难受的劲头。当然也不能没日没夜地工作，可以坚持工作直到疲劳为止，然后可能想做点别的，甚至只是发呆。但不要把这种时刻当成一种奖励，或者辛苦工作的补偿。
I put the lower bound there for practical reasons. If your work is not your favorite thing to do, you'll have terrible problems with procrastination. You'll have to force yourself to work, and when you resort to that the results are distinctly inferior.
我这么说是有原因的，如果一个人在做着自己并不喜欢的工作，那么不会有什么成就，因为强迫自己工作不可能比别人做得好。
To be happy I think you have to be doing something you not only enjoy, but admire. You have to be able to say, at the end, wow, that's pretty cool. This doesn't mean you have to make something. If you learn how to hang glide, or to speak a foreign language fluently, that will be enough to make you say, for a while at least, wow, that's pretty cool. What there has to be is a test.
要想工作得快乐，不仅要做自己喜欢的事，而且是令人佩服的事，是那种做完可以说“哇，太酷了”的工作。不一定非得制造点什么出来，学会开滑翔机，说一口流利的外语，都足以让人感觉很酷，至少是那一刻。可以用这种方法来测试自己。
So one thing that falls just short of the standard, I think, is reading books. Except for some books in math and the hard sciences, there's no test of how well you've read a book, and that's why merely reading books doesn't quite feel like work. You have to do something with what you've read to feel productive.
我认为读书就不符合这一标准。除了某些数学书或者实用科学书籍，很难准确说读完一本书后的感受，这也是为什么读书和工作不太一样。只有在实践中运用了读到的知识，才会感觉有收获。
I think the best test is one Gino Lee taught me: to try to do things that would make your friends say wow. But it probably wouldn't start to work properly till about age 22, because most people haven't had a big enough sample to pick friends from before then.
Gino Lee告诉过我一个好方法做一件能让你的朋友说“哇”的事情。但这可能不适用于22岁以下的人，因为他们认识的人太少，碰不到真正的朋友。
Sirens
诱惑
What you should not do, I think, is worry about the opinion of anyone beyond your friends. You shouldn't worry about prestige. Prestige is the opinion of the rest of the world. When you can ask the opinions of people whose judgement you respect, what does it add to consider the opinions of people you don't even know? [4]
我认为，一个人不应该在乎别人的看法，除非是他的朋友。不要想着出名，不必太在意众人的意见。能够得到尊敬的人的意见就够了，何必在乎那些根本就不认识的人呢？[4]
This is easy advice to give. It's hard to follow, especially when you're young.?[5]?Prestige is like a powerful magnet that warps even your beliefs about what you enjoy. It causes you to work not on what you like, but what you'd like to like.
说起来容易做起来难，对孩子来说更是如此[5]。出名极具诱惑力，甚至可以让人放弃其所爱，转而去做一些他渴望喜欢的事情。
That's what leads people to try to write novels, for example. They like reading novels. They notice that people who write them win Nobel prizes. What could be more wonderful, they think, than to be a novelist? But liking the idea of being a novelist is not enough; you have to like the actual work of novel-writing if you're going to be good at it; you have to like making up elaborate lies.
比如，有些人之所以写小说，是因为他们喜欢读小说，而且发现写小说可以得诺贝尔奖，于是乎他们会想，难道还会有什么工作比成为一名作家更好吗？但是，渴望成为一名作家还不够，还要喜欢写作，喜欢编故事。
Prestige is just fossilized inspiration. If you do anything well enough, you'll?make?it prestigious. Plenty of things we now consider prestigious were anything but at first. Jazz comes to mind—though almost any established art form would do. So just do what you like, and let prestige take care of itself.
精诚所至，金石为开。把一件事做到最好，就能赢得声望。然而，做某些工作会带来声望是后来才有的，爵士乐就是一个例子，其它成熟的艺术形式也是如此。所以，尽管去做喜欢的事吧，声望自会随之而来。
Prestige is especially dangerous to the ambitious. If you want to make ambitious people waste their time on errands, the way to do it is to bait the hook with prestige. That's the recipe for getting people to give talks, write forewords, serve on committees, be department heads, and so on. It might be a good rule simply to avoid any prestigious task. If it didn't suck, they wouldn't have had to make it prestigious.
声望对于雄心勃勃的人来说是最危险的诱惑，想让这种人办事，只需向其保证一定的声望即可，比如让其做演讲、作序、服务于某个委员会、以及做个部门头头，等等。所以最好的建议就是不要做这类工作，如果它有趣的话，人们就无需使其听上去很美了。
Similarly, if you admire two kinds of work equally, but one is more prestigious, you should probably choose the other. Your opinions about what's admirable are always going to be slightly influenced by prestige, so if the two seem equal to you, you probably have more genuine admiration for the less prestigious one.
同理，如果同样喜欢两种工作，其中一种会带来更大的声望，那么就选择另外一个。声望会一点点地改变人们的爱好，所以如果自己无法区分的话，那么很可能真正喜欢的是不引人注目的那个。
The other big force leading people astray is money. Money by itself is not that dangerous. When something pays well but is regarded with contempt, like telemarketing, or prostitution, or personal injury litigation, ambitious people aren't tempted by it. That kind of work ends up being done by people who are "just trying to make a living." (Tip: avoid any field whose practitioners say this.) The danger is when money is combined with prestige, as in, say, corporate law, or medicine. A comparatively safe and prosperous career with some automatic baseline prestige is dangerously tempting to someone young, who hasn't thought much about what they really like.
金钱同样使人堕落。钱本身并不危险，有些工作虽然可以挣很多钱，却被人瞧不起，比如电话推销、卖淫、或者人身伤害诉讼。做这种工作的人最终会是那些 “只求生存”的人（建议：如果某个行业的从业者这么说，不要做这个行当），有追求的人才不会被其诱惑。真正的危险来自于名利双收的职业，例如从事企业法律 或者医学工作。一份既有保障又有前途的工作，再加上一点可以不劳而获的声望，才是对青年人最大的威胁，因为他们还没开始思考什么是他们真正喜欢的。
The test of whether people love what they do is whether they'd do it even if they weren't paid for it—even if they had to work at another job to make a living. How many corporate lawyers would do their current work if they had to do it for free, in their spare time, and take day jobs as waiters to support themselves?
要想知道一个人是否喜欢他正在做的事，就看他会不会无偿地工作，即使不得不做另一份工作以求生存。究竟有多少企业律师愿意在非工作时间免费做他们正在做的工作，而以日常工作糊口呢？
This test is especially helpful in deciding between different kinds of academic work, because fields vary greatly in this respect. Most good mathematicians would work on math even if there were no jobs as math professors, whereas in the departments at the other end of the spectrum, the availability of teaching jobs is the driver: people would rather be English professors than work in ad agencies, and publishing papers is the way you compete for such jobs. Math would happen without math departments, but it is the existence of English majors, and therefore jobs teaching them, that calls into being all those thousands of dreary papers about gender and identity in the novels of Conrad. No one does?that?kind of thing for fun.
这种方法对于选择从事哪种学术研究工作特别有帮助，因为不同领域之间的差别非常大。大多数优秀的数学家即使当不了数学教授也愿意从事数学研究，另一 种情况恰恰相反，有人发表论文，就是想做英语教授，而不是在广告机构工作。即使没有数学系也会有人研究数学，但是如果没有英语专业，以及教学职位的存在， 又怎么会有人长篇累牍地发表论文，研究Conrad小说中人物的性别和身分呢？没人会觉得研究这些东西很有趣。
The advice of parents will tend to err on the side of money. It seems safe to say there are more undergrads who want to be novelists and whose parents want them to be doctors than who want to be doctors and whose parents want them to be novelists. The kids think their parents are "materialistic." Not necessarily. All parents tend to be more conservative for their kids than they would for themselves, simply because, as parents, they share risks more than rewards. If your eight year old son decides to climb a tall tree, or your teenage daughter decides to date the local bad boy, you won't get a share in the excitement, but if your son falls, or your daughter gets pregnant, you'll have to deal with the consequences.
做父母的往往会看重金钱。可以放心地说，孩子想当作家而父母想让其当医生的多，孩子想当医生而父母让其当作家的少。孩子认为父母太“实际”，其实未 必。所有的父母对待孩子要比对待自己更慎重，因为作为父母，他们承担风险，却得不到好处。如果八岁的儿子打算爬树，或者10来岁的女儿要和坏男孩约会，父 母无法体会孩子的兴奋，但是如果儿子从树上掉下来，或者女儿怀孕了，却要父母出面收场。
Discipline
慎重
With such powerful forces leading us astray, it's not surprising we find it so hard to discover what we like to work on. Most people are doomed in childhood by accepting the axiom that work = pain. Those who escape this are nearly all lured onto the rocks by prestige or money. How many even discover something they love to work on? A few hundred thousand, perhaps, out of billions.
面对如此危险的诱惑，很难找到喜欢的工作就不奇怪了。大多数人从小就相信工作是受罪，不信邪的人也都栽在了名利的诱惑上。那么到底有多少人最终找到了他们所热爱的工作呢？10万，或者10亿。
It's hard to find work you love; it must be, if so few do. So don't underestimate this task. And don't feel bad if you haven't succeeded yet. In fact, if you admit to yourself that you're discontented, you're a step ahead of most people, who are still in denial. If you're surrounded by colleagues who claim to enjoy work that you find contemptible, odds are they're lying to themselves. Not necessarily, but probably.
找到自己爱干的工作是很难的。大多数人做不到的事肯定很难，所以，不要低估它的难度，同时，也不要因为暂时没有找到而气馁。其实，只要敢于承认自己 对工作的不满，就比很多人更可能成功了，那些人还在自欺欺人呢。如果周围的同事都说工作得很开心，而自己却对这份工作一点也看不上眼，那也许是同事在自己 骗自己，虽然未必都是，但可能性很大。
Although doing great work takes less discipline than people think—because the way to do great work is to find something you like so much that you don't have to force yourself to do it—findingwork you love does usually require discipline. Some people are lucky enough to know what they want to do when they're 12, and just glide along as if they were on railroad tracks. But this seems the exception. More often people who do great things have careers with the trajectory of a ping-pong ball. They go to school to study A, drop out and get a job doing B, and then become famous for C after taking it up on the side.
做大事不像人们想像的那样艰苦，因为只有喜欢自己工作的人才能成就大事，他们根本不需要勉强自己，但是，寻找爱好的过程却得非常认真。有些人特别幸 运，他们12岁就知道自己想做什么，然后沿着这条路茁壮成长。但这样的人毕竟是少数，对于更多成就大事的人来说，其职业生涯就像乒乓球的轨迹，他们在学校 里学A，工作后做完全不相关的B，最后成名于C。
Sometimes jumping from one sort of work to another is a sign of energy, and sometimes it's a sign of laziness. Are you dropping out, or boldly carving a new path? You often can't tell yourself. Plenty of people who will later do great things seem to be disappointments early on, when they're trying to find their niche.
有时候，更换工作是精力旺盛的表现，但也可能是因为懒惰。通常，你无法区分自己究竟是掉队了，还是在另辟蹊径，即使许多成就大事的人，在最初寻找人生定位时往往很失望。
Is there some test you can use to keep yourself honest? One is to try to do a good job at whatever you're doing, even if you don't like it. Then at least you'll know you're not using dissatisfaction as an excuse for being lazy. Perhaps more importantly, you'll get into the habit of doing things well.
有什么方法可以让自己保持诚实吗？一种方法是无论做什么都要做好它，即使不喜欢。这样至少知道自己不是在为懒惰找借口。更重要的是，往往会养成把事做好的习惯。
Another test you can use is: always produce. For example, if you have a day job you don't take seriously because you plan to be a novelist, are you producing? Are you writing pages of fiction, however bad? As long as you're producing, you'll know you're not merely using the hazy vision of the grand novel you plan to write one day as an opiate. The view of it will be obstructed by the all too palpably flawed one you're actually writing.
另一种方法是“坚持实践”。例如，如果想成为一名作家，又不想因为日常工作而浪费精力，那么，就要坚持练习写作。尽管写得不好，但还是要坚持写。只要坚持实践，就会知道想成为作家是不是想想而已。如果写的东西实在糟糕，选择这份工作就不现实。
"Always produce" is also a heuristic for finding the work you love. If you subject yourself to that constraint, it will automatically push you away from things you think you're supposed to work on, toward things you actually like. "Always produce" will discover your life's work the way water, with the aid of gravity, finds the hole in your roof.
坚持实践是一种启发式的方法，可以帮助找到喜爱的工作，甄别出那些本以为会做好的工作，最终选择真正喜欢的，就好像水在地球引力的作用下可以找到屋顶的漏洞一样。
Of course, figuring out what you like to work on doesn't mean you get to work on it. That's a separate question. And if you're ambitious you have to keep them separate: you have to make a conscious effort to keep your ideas about what you want from being contaminated by what seems possible. [6]
当然，明白喜欢什么工作并不意味着能够以它为工作，这是两码事。有追求的人更要把两者分清楚，喜欢做什么和能做成什么是不一样的。[6]
It's painful to keep them apart, because it's painful to observe the gap between them. So most people pre-emptively lower their expectations. For example, if you asked random people on the street if they'd like to be able to draw like Leonardo, you'd find most would say something like "Oh, I can't draw." This is more a statement of intention than fact; it means, I'm not going to try. Because the fact is, if you took a random person off the street and somehow got them to work as hard as they possibly could at drawing for the next twenty years, they'd get surprisingly far. But it would require a great moral effort; it would mean staring failure in the eye every day for years. And so to protect themselves people say "I can't."
这一点看得越清楚，内心就会越痛苦，很多人因此降低标准。例如，如果在街上随便找人问问，他们能否和Leonardo画得一样好，就会发现很多人说 他们根本不会画画。这更像是一种心理暗示，而不是事实。他实际想说，我不会去干那个。因为如果想方设法让他做画20年，他会为自己获得的成就而吃惊。当然 那需要非常刻苦，可能要在头几年每天都得面对失败。所以如果有人说“我不行”，不要相信他。
Another related line you often hear is that not everyone can do work they love—that someone has to do the unpleasant jobs. Really? How do you make them? In the US the only mechanism for forcing people to do unpleasant jobs is the draft, and that hasn't been invoked for over 30 years. All we can do is encourage people to do unpleasant work, with money and prestige.
另一个经常听到的说法是，不能每个人都做自己喜欢的事，总得有人做令人讨厌的工作。真的吗？这个结论是如何得出的呢？在美国，唯一强迫人的方式是征兵，但我们已经30年没有这么做过了，而是一直利用名利吸引人工作。
If there's something people still won't do, it seems as if society just has to make do without. That's what happened with domestic servants. For millennia that was the canonical example of a job "someone had to do." And yet in the mid twentieth century servants practically disappeared in rich countries, and the rich have just had to do without.
如果仍然有些事没人愿意做，那么人们就不得不自己做，过去发生在家奴身上的事就是这样。家奴的工作是经典的例子，在公元10世纪时，似乎那份工作总得有人来做。然而在20世纪中期，发达国家已经没有仆人了，有钱人得自己干活。
So while there may be some things someone has to do, there's a good chance anyone saying that about any particular job is mistaken. Most unpleasant jobs would either get automated or go undone if no one were willing to do them.
所以，也许有些事情总得有人做，但是谈到具体的某项工作时这么说就不合适了。糟糕的工作可以自动化完成，或者根本就不做，如果没人愿意做的话。
Two Routes
两条路
There's another sense of "not everyone can do work they love" that's all too true, however. One has to make a living, and it's hard to get paid for doing work you love. There are two routes to that destination:
有一种情况确实不是每个人都可以做他喜欢做的工作。人首先要生存，做自己喜欢的工作会很难赚到钱。这时有两条路可以走：成长渐进法：随着能力的增强、名气的增大，逐渐放弃不喜欢的工作，选择喜欢的工作。
The organic route: as you become more eminent, gradually to increase the parts of your job that you like at the expense of those you don't.
The two-job route: to work at things you don't like to get money to work on things you do.
齐头并进法：做不喜欢的工作赚钱，以便做自己喜欢的事情。
The organic route is more common. It happens naturally to anyone who does good work. A young architect has to take whatever work he can get, but if he does well he'll gradually be in a position to pick and choose among projects. The disadvantage of this route is that it's slow and uncertain. Even tenure is not real freedom.
成长渐进法更常用，工作做得好的人一般选这种方法。年轻的建筑师开始时不得不什么活都干，等到他做得很好之后就可以挑选项目了。这种方法也有不好的地方，就是太慢，而且不确定，即使是终身聘用也无法做到真正的自由。
The two-job route has several variants depending on how long you work for money at a time. At one extreme is the "day job," where you work regular hours at one job to make money, and work on what you love in your spare time. At the other extreme you work at something till you make?enough?not to have to work for money again.
齐头并进法有多种做法，取决于需要用多少时间赚钱。一个极端是白天上班，靠一份工作时间固定的工作赚钱，而在闲暇时光做自己喜欢做的事。另一个极端是先拼命赚钱，直到不再为钱发愁。
The two-job route is less common than the organic route, because it requires a deliberate choice. It's also more dangerous. Life tends to get more expensive as you get older, so it's easy to get sucked into working longer than you expected at the money job. Worse still, anything you work on changes you. If you work too long on tedious stuff, it will rot your brain. And the best paying jobs are most dangerous, because they require your full attention.
齐头并进法用的人比较少，因为需要事先做好周全的打算，而且这种方法更危险。随着年龄的增长，对生活的要求也越高，所以为了赚到足够的钱，可能需要 比预期更长的时间工作。更糟的是，人可能会被工作内容改变。如果做无聊的事情太久，脑子可能就锈掉了。钱给的越多的工作越危险，因为需要付出全部的精力。
The advantage of the two-job route is that it lets you jump over obstacles. The landscape of possible jobs isn't flat; there are walls of varying heights between different kinds of work.?[7]?The trick of maximizing the parts of your job that you like can get you from architecture to product design, but not, probably, to music. If you make money doing one thing and then work on another, you have more freedom of choice.
齐头并进法的好处是可以让人摆脱障碍[7]。职业发展不都是一片坦徒，不同工作之间的差距变化很大。从结构设计工作转行到产品设计工作还有可能，要转向音乐方面就不太可能了。有两份工作的人多一分选择，尽管其中一份只为赚钱。
Which route should you take? That depends on how sure you are of what you want to do, how good you are at taking orders, how much risk you can stand, and the odds that anyone will pay (in your lifetime) for what you want to do. If you're sure of the general area you want to work in and it's something people are likely to pay you for, then you should probably take the organic route. But if you don't know what you want to work on, or don't like to take orders, you may want to take the two-job route, if you can stand the risk.
到底该选哪条路走呢？这取决于你是否明确想做什么，是否擅长分清主次，能承担多大的风险，以及是否有人愿意为你喜欢做的事情付钱。如果知道自己想干 什么，也知道有人愿意为此付钱，那么就选择成长渐进法。如果还不了解自己想干什么，或者不喜欢非黑即白的二元逻辑，那么可以选择齐头并进法，只要你能承担 由此带来的风险。
Don't decide too soon. Kids who know early what they want to do seem impressive, as if they got the answer to some math question before the other kids. They have an answer, certainly, but odds are it's wrong.
不要太早下决定。很小就知道自己未来做什么的孩子似乎让人印象深刻，就像他们比其他孩子更善于做数学题目一样。可惜，他们得到的答案往往是错误的。
A friend of mine who is a quite successful doctor complains constantly about her job. When people applying to medical school ask her for advice, she wants to shake them and yell "Don't do it!" (But she never does.) How did she get into this fix? In high school she already wanted to be a doctor. And she is so ambitious and determined that she overcame every obstacle along the way—including, unfortunately, not liking it.
我有一位非常成功的医生朋友，她不停地抱怨自己的工作。当有人向她咨询申请医学院事宜的时候，她很想握着他们的手说“不要去”（但是她从没这么做 过）。她怎么会这样呢？她在高中的时候就想成为医生，而且她雄心勃勃信誓旦旦，克服了所有的困难，令人遗憾的是，她甚至克服了对这份工作的厌烦。
Now she has a life chosen for her by a high-school kid.
结果，她现在的生活实际上是一名高中生为她做出的选择。
When you're young, you're given the impression that you'll get enough information to make each choice before you need to make it. But this is certainly not so with work. When you're deciding what to do, you have to operate on ridiculously incomplete information. Even in college you get little idea what various types of work are like. At best you may have a couple internships, but not all jobs offer internships, and those that do don't teach you much more about the work than being a batboy teaches you about playing baseball.
年轻的时候，我们相信有足够的信息事先做出选择，工作却是个例外。试图做出选择时，手上只有少得可怜的信息。即使上了大学，我们也很少知道工作到底 是个什么样子。最好的情况也就是做过几次实习生，但不是所有的工作都提供实习机会，而那些提供实习的工作，也不会教你太多东西，就好像做球童不可能学会打 棒球一样。
In the design of lives, as in the design of most other things, you get better results if you use flexible media. So unless you're fairly sure what you want to do, your best bet may be to choose a type of work that could turn into either an organic or two-job career. That was probably part of the reason I chose computers. You can be a professor, or make a lot of money, or morph it into any number of other kinds of work.
人生规划和其它规划一样，多尝试会有更好的结果。所以，除非十分确定，最好还是选择一份可以应用成长渐进法或齐头并进法的工作。这也是我选择计算机行业的部分原因。在这个行当，做教授也行，想赚很多钱也行，也可以向一些相关专业转行。'
It's also wise, early on, to seek jobs that let you do many different things, so you can learn faster what various kinds of work are like. Conversely, the extreme version of the two-job route is dangerous because it teaches you so little about what you like. If you work hard at being a bond trader for ten years, thinking that you'll quit and write novels when you have enough money, what happens when you quit and then discover that you don't actually like writing novels?
尽早从事涵盖面较广的工作也是很明智的，这样就可以很快知道各种工作都是做什么的。相反，极端的齐头并进法很危险，因为无法得知自己喜欢什么。如果一个人做了十年的债券交易商，当他攒够了钱决定不再继续而转行写小说时，却发现自己并不是真得喜欢写小说，却已为时已晚。
Most people would say, I'd take that problem. Give me a million dollars and I'll figure out what to do. But it's harder than it looks. Constraints give your life shape. Remove them and most people have no idea what to do: look at what happens to those who win lotteries or inherit money. Much as everyone thinks they want financial security, the happiest people are not those who have it, but those who like what they do. So a plan that promises freedom at the expense of knowing what to do with it may not be as good as it seems.
多数人都会说，这好办，给我一百万，我就能弄明白该做什么。但是说起来容易做起来难，环境塑造人，离开了自己生活的环境，多数人都会不知所措，看看 那些中了彩票或继承了大笔财产的人就知道了。就像每个人都说他们在意财务安全，然而最快乐人不是那些拥有它的人，而是那些喜欢他们在做的事的人。这么看 来，有一份明确的计划未必是件好事情。
Whichever route you take, expect a struggle. Finding work you love is very difficult. Most people fail. Even if you succeed, it's rare to be free to work on what you want till your thirties or forties. But if you have the destination in sight you'll be more likely to arrive at it. If you know you can love work, you're in the home stretch, and if you know what work you love, you're practically there.
选择哪条路，是要经历一番思想斗争的。找到喜欢做的工作很难，大多数人都没能做到这一点。即使能做到，也要等到三、四十岁。但是，只要有这个愿望，就很可能会实现。如果知道自己会喜欢工作，就胜利在望了，如果知道自己具体爱做什么工作，就已经实现了这个目标。
Notes
备注
[1] Currently we do the opposite: when we make kids do boring work, like arithmetic drills, instead of admitting frankly that it's boring, we try to disguise it with superficial decorations.
[1] 现在，我们做的恰恰相反：当我们让孩子做无聊的事情，比如算术练习，我们没有坦白地说它很无趣，而是假装它很有趣。
[2] One father told me about a related phenomenon: he found himself concealing from his family how much he liked his work. When he wanted to go to work on a saturday, he found it easier to say that it was because he "had to" for some reason, rather than admitting he preferred to work than stay home with them.
[2] 有位父亲告诉我一个相关的现象：他特意向家人隐瞒有多爱自己的工作，当他周末想去工作时，发现说一些不得不去的借口很容易，而不原意承认自己更原意工作，而不是和家人待在一起。
[3] Something similar happens with suburbs. Parents move to suburbs to raise their kids in a safe environment, but suburbs are so dull and artificial that by the time they're fifteen the kids are convinced the whole world is boring.
[3] 郊区的情况也差不多。父母搬到郊区，为了他们的孩子生活在安全的环境，但是郊区索然无味，不够自然，十几岁的孩子会以为整个世界都是这个样子。
[4] I'm not saying friends should be the only audience for your work. The more people you can help, the better. But friends should be your compass.
[4] 我并不是说只能跟朋友说这些事情，帮忙的人越多越好，但是朋友的意见最重要。
[5] Donald Hall said young would-be poets were mistaken to be so obsessed with being published. But you can imagine what it would do for a 24 year old to get a poem published in The New Yorker. Now to people he meets at parties he's a real poet. Actually he's no better or worse than he was before, but to a clueless audience like that, the approval of an official authority makes all the difference. So it's a harder problem than Hall realizes. The reason the young care so much about prestige is that the people they want to impress are not very discerning.
[5] Donald Hall说，那些有望成为诗人的年轻人错误地执迷于发布作品。但是你可以想象，如果一个二十四岁的年轻人在“纽约客”杂志上发表一首诗，那会是什么情形， 他会在聚会上被当成真正的诗人，尽管他和从前没什么两样。但是，对于其他不知情的人，能不能在权威杂志上发表文章是有很大不同的。所以说，实际情况比 Hall认为的要困难。年轻人之所以特别在乎名气，是因为他们想打动的那些大人往往搞不清楚状况。
[6] This is isomorphic to the principle that you should prevent your beliefs about how things are from being contaminated by how you wish they were. Most people let them mix pretty promiscuously. The continuing popularity of religion is the most visible index of that.
[6] 就像我们要警惕，事情不会因为我们希望它发展成什么样子就会成什么样子，这是同样的道理。很多人分不清两者之间的区别，宗教越来越受欢迎就是证据之一。
[7] A more accurate metaphor would be to say that the graph of jobs is not very well connected.
[7] 一个更形象的隐喻是，以各种工作为节点的图，并没有连通得很好。
Thanks to Trevor Blackwell, Dan Friedman, Sarah Harlin, Jessica Livingston, Jackie McDonough, Robert Morris, Peter Norvig, David Sloo, and Aaron Swartz for reading drafts of this.
致谢
感谢Trevor Blackwell, Dan Friedman, Sarah Harlin, Jessica Livingston, Jackie McDonough, Robert Morris, Peter Norvig, David Sloo, 以及Aaron Swartz阅读本文初稿。
via: http://www.paulgraham.com/love.html